医学突破
雪城的儿科医生和婴儿帮助开发了新的呼吸道合胞病毒药物
安布尔·史密斯
Babies finally have protection from the leading illness that puts them in the hospital, thanks in part to the tireless work of an 推荐最近最火的赌博软件 doctor and his team — and three Central New York babies who were the first in the world to receive a shot of this new drug.
“我得意洋洋,“ Joseph Domachowske，医学博士, said when the FDA announced its approval of nirsevimab this summer. The drug protects newborns from respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV. (Adults 60 and older have another medication to protect them from RSV.)
Domachowske spent more than three decades working on a way to fight RSV. He is a pediatrician at the 推荐最近最火的赌博软件 Golisano Children’s Hospital specializing in pediatric infectious disease. RSV is the top cause of hospitalizations for babies under 6 months old, 病毒杀死了大约250人,每年有000名婴儿, 大多发生在发展中国家，无法获得医院护理.
(Hear an in-depth interview with Domachowske about the drug and how it was tested. )
Nearly 5,000 newborns and young infants from all over the world were part of the studies. The first three received their single shots in Syracuse in January 2015. One was from a family with a history of RSV complications; the other two were twins born prematurely and therefore at increased risk for complications.
Those twins, 卡西迪小气鬼 and Stella Meany, were 8 years old when nirsevimab was approved. 他们的母亲谢丽尔·米尼告诉锡拉丘兹大学.“我们感到非常幸运，我们是其中的一部分. I can’t explain how excited and how happy I am for moms across the world who don’t have to take their babies to the hospital because they can’t breathe.”
Domachowske says nirsevimab consistently was 80 percent effective in preventing RSV hospitalizations and requires just a single dose as the RSV season — from fall to spring — gets started. “At last we can finally reduce the impact of these annual RSV epidemics,” he says. “我特别渴望看到RSV从长期保持的世界第一跌落. 1 cause of hospitalizations among children in their first year of life.”
He predicts that hospitalization numbers could initially be cut in half. 随着越来越多的婴儿在随后的几年里受到保护, Domachowske预计住院人数会减少, fewer visits to the emergency department and a major decrease in the number of sick infants who are brought to pediatricians.
Nirsevimab, 以Beyfortus品牌销售, is not a vaccine but rather a monoclonal antibody product that provides a passive immunity.
疫苗 prompt the body to make antibodies to defend against diseases. 与此形成鲜明对比的是, nirsevimab is a ready-made antibody that can bind to the virus and block it from infecting healthy cells.
Babies under 6 months old are at the highest risk for severe infection, so there’s not enough time to deliver a typical vaccine series to allow them to build immunity for the period of time they are most susceptible to severe illness. With this new treatment, the immune system doesn’t have to make anything.
这个故事出现在 2024年《推荐最近最火的赌博软件健康》杂志第一期.
纽约州推荐最近最火的赌博软件的Joseph Domachowske报道, MD, was part of a worldwide team that developed a vaccine for the potentially deadly virus RSV. William Mueller摄.
老年人可以获得呼吸道合胞病毒保护
The respiratory syncytial virus is also a threat to older people. The rates of hospitalization in people over age 65 from RSV are second only to those for influenza.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a single dose of RSV vaccine for adults 60 and older. The vaccine is also recommended for moms-to-be during weeks 32 to 36 of pregnancy, 在RSV季节之前或期间.
“通过这些预防方案的组合, we’re hoping that we’ll have a less severe RSV season than last year,上州传染病负责人伊丽莎白·阿西亚戈-雷迪说, MD. “Last year was a very severe RSV season that was somewhat unprecedented.”
纽约州推荐最近最火的赌博软件的Joseph Domachowske报道, MD, and other researchers across the globe tried multiple approaches over three decades that did not work against respiratory syncytial virus.
然后, 在阿根廷的一次会议上, some of the leading RSV researchers heard a protein chemist describe one of the proteins that sits on the outside of the RSV virus.
“我的下巴撞到了地板上，”多玛考斯基回忆道. 研究人员一直把重点放在错误的蛋白质上.
RSV particles have daggerlike things sticking out of the surface of the virus. 只要匕首碰到牢房, 试图感染它, 匕首的柄翻转, 蛋白质的结构成分发生了变化.
研究ers had been working on an antibody that would work after the dagger flipped. 但事实证明, they needed an antibody that would be effective "prefusion" -- before the dagger touched the cell. “We’d been working on the confirmation of the wrong protein for decades.”
第二件事是在同一时间被发现的, 他说, "如果我们取任何抗体, 尤其是这些单克隆抗体, and we change the part of the antibody that attaches to the cell — not the part that attaches to the virus, but the part that attaches to the cell — if we change it by just three amino acids, 非常小的变化, it can enhance the half-life of these molecules from 19 days out to more than 120 days. So now we have the potential of making a very high neutralizing antibody against, 真的, 无论我们想要什么, 这将持续相当长的一段时间, 5个月后, 也许更长时间.
这个故事出现在 2024年《推荐最近最火的赌博软件健康》杂志第一期.
