7个预防癌症的建议

Avoiding tobacco — or deciding to stop using it —is one of the most important health decisions you can make. Smoking has been linked to various types of cancer — including cancer of the 肺, 膀胱, 子宫颈及肾脏. And chewing tobacco has been linked to cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas. Even if you don’t use tobacco, exposure to secondhand smoke might increase you risk of 肺 cancer.

• Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. 以水果为主食, vegetables and other foods from plant sources — such as whole grains and beans.
• 限制脂肪. Eat lighter and leaner by choosing fewer high-fat foods, particularly those from animal sources. High-fat diets tend to be higher in calorie and might increase the risk of becoming overweight or obese — which can, 反过来, 增加患癌风险.
• If you choose to drink alcohol, do so only in moderation.

The risk of various types of cancer — 包括乳腺癌, 结肠, 肺, kidney and liver — increase with the amount of alcohol you drink and the length of time you have been drinking regularly.

Maintain a healthy weight and increase your physical activity. That will lower the risk of various types of cancer, 包括乳腺癌, 前列腺癌, 肺, 结肠和肾脏.

Skin cancer is one of the most common kinds
of cancer — and one of the most preventable. 试试这些建议:

• 避免正午阳光暴晒. Stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. 和4p.m.当太阳的光芒消失时
  最强的.
• 呆在阴凉处. Sunglasses and a broad-rimmed hat help, too.
• 遮盖裸露区域. Wear tightly woven, loosefitting clothing that covers as much of your
  皮肤越好.
• 不要吝啬涂防晒霜. Use generous amounts of sunscreen when you're outdoors,
  经常补涂.
• Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. These are just as damaging as natural sunlight.

Cancer prevention includes protection from certain viral infections. 和你的医生谈谈
免疫对:

• 乙型肝炎. 乙型肝炎 can increase the risk of developing liver cancer. 乙肝疫苗是
  recommended for certain high-risk adults.
• 人乳头瘤病毒(HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to cervical and
  other genital cancers as well as squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. HPV疫苗
  is available to both men and women age 26 or younger who didn’t have the vaccine as adolescents.

Another effective cancer prevention tactic is to avoid risky behaviors that can lead to infections that, 反过来, might increase the risk of cancer. 例如:

• 实行安全的性行为. Limit your number of sexual partners, and use a condom when you have sex. People who have HIV or AIDS have a higher risk of cancer of the anus, liver and 肺. HPV is most often associated with cervical cancer, but it might also increase the risk of cancer of the anus, 阴茎, 喉咙, 外阴和阴道.
• 不要共用针头. Sharing needles with an infected drug user can lead to HIV, as well as hepatitis B and hepatitis C — which can increase the risk of liver cancer.

Regular self-exams and screenings for various types of cancers — such as cancer of the skin, 结肠, 前列腺癌, cervix and breast — can increase your chances of discovering cancer early, when treatment is most likely to be successful.

Ask your doctor about the best cancer screening schedule for you.

Take cancer prevention into your own hands, starting today. The rewards will last a lifetime.